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The Chinese character for tea is [[wikt:茶|茶]]. It is pronounced differently in the various Chinese dialects. Most pronounce it along the lines of ''cha'' (Mandarin has ''chá''), but the Min varieties along the central coast of China and in Southeast Asia pronounce it like ''te''. These two pronunciations of the Chinese word for tea have made their separate ways into other languages around the world:
 
The Chinese character for tea is [[wikt:茶|茶]]. It is pronounced differently in the various Chinese dialects. Most pronounce it along the lines of ''cha'' (Mandarin has ''chá''), but the Min varieties along the central coast of China and in Southeast Asia pronounce it like ''te''. These two pronunciations of the Chinese word for tea have made their separate ways into other languages around the world:
*'''Te''' is from ''tê'' in the [[Amoy dialect]], spoken in Fujian Province and Taiwan. It reached the West from the port of Xiamen (Amoy), once a major point of contact with Western European traders such as the Dutch, who spread it to Western Europe.
+
*'''Te''' is from ''tê'' in the Amoy dialect, spoken in Fujian Province and Taiwan. It reached the West from the port of Xiamen (Amoy), once a major point of contact with Western European traders such as the Dutch, who spread it to Western Europe.
*'''Cha''' is from the [[Cantonese]] ''chàh'', spoken in [[Guangzhou]] (Canton) and the ports of Hong Kong and [[Macau]], also major points of contact, especially with the Portuguese, who spread it to India in the 16th century. The Korean and Japanese words ''cha'' come from the Mandarin ''chá''.
+
*'''Cha''' is from the Cantonese ''chàh'', spoken in Guangzhou (Canton) and the ports of Hong Kong and Macau, also major points of contact, especially with the Portuguese, who spread it to India in the 16th century. The Korean and Japanese words ''cha'' come from the Mandarin ''chá''.
    
The widespread form '''''chai''''' comes from Persian چای ''chay''. This derives from Mandarin ''chá'', which passed by the silk road to Central Asia and Persia, where it picked up the Persian grammatical suffix ''-yi'' before passing on to Russian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, etc.
 
The widespread form '''''chai''''' comes from Persian چای ''chay''. This derives from Mandarin ''chá'', which passed by the silk road to Central Asia and Persia, where it picked up the Persian grammatical suffix ''-yi'' before passing on to Russian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, etc.
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! style="width:85px;"|Name
 
! style="width:85px;"|Name
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Assamese
 
|চাহ ''sah''
 
|চাহ ''sah''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Bengali Language|Bangla]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Bangla
 
|চা ''cha''
 
|চা ''cha''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Pampangan language|Kapampangan]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Kapampangan
 
|''cha''
 
|''cha''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Cebuano
 
|''tsa''
 
|''tsa''
 
| style="background:#eee;"| English
 
| style="background:#eee;"| English
 
|''cha'' or ''char''
 
|''cha'' or ''char''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Gujarati
 
|ચા ''chā''
 
|ચા ''chā''
 
| style="background:#eee;"| Japanese
 
| style="background:#eee;"| Japanese
|{{lang|ja|チャ}} ''cha'', さ ''sa'' <small><sub>(1)</sub></small>
+
|チャ ''cha'', さ ''sa'' <small><sub>(1)</sub></small>
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Kannada]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Kannada
 
|ಚಹಾ  ''chahā''
 
|ಚಹಾ  ''chahā''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Khasi language|Khasi]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Khasi
 
|''sha''
 
|''sha''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Konkani
 
|चा ''chā''
 
|चा ''chā''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="background:#eee;"| Korean
 
| style="background:#eee;"| Korean
|{{lang|ko|차}} ''cha'' <small><sub>(1)</sub></small>
+
|차 ''cha'' <small><sub>(1)</sub></small>
 
|style="background:#eee;" |  [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]
 
|style="background:#eee;" |  [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]
 
|''ça''
 
|''ça''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Lao language|Lao]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Lao
 
|ຊາ ''saa''
 
|ຊາ ''saa''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Malayalam
 
| ''chāyā''
 
| ''chāyā''
 
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
 
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
 
|चहा ''chahā''
 
|चहा ''chahā''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Oriya language|Oriya]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Oriya
 
|ଚା ''cha''
 
|ଚା ''cha''
| style="background:#eee;"|[[Persian language|Persian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"|Persian
 
|چا ''chā''
 
|چا ''chā''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Punjabi
 
|چا ਚਾਹ ''chāh''
 
|چا ਚਾਹ ''chāh''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Portuguese
 
|''chá''
 
|''chá''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Sindhi
 
|''chahen چانهه''
 
|''chahen چانهه''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Somali language|Somali]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Somali
 
|''shaah''
 
|''shaah''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Sylheti language|Sylheti]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Sylheti
 
|''sa''
 
|''sa''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Tagalog
 
|''tsaa''
 
|''tsaa''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Thai language|Thai]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Thai
 
|ชา ''cha''
 
|ชา ''cha''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Tibetan
 
|ཇ་ ''ja''
 
|ཇ་ ''ja''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Turkish
 
|''çay''
 
|''çay''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Vietnamese
 
|''trà'' and ''chè'' <small><sub>(2)</sub></small>
 
|''trà'' and ''chè'' <small><sub>(2)</sub></small>
 
| style="background:#eee;"|
 
| style="background:#eee;"|
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|}
 
|}
 
<small>Notes: </small>
 
<small>Notes: </small>
* <small><sup>(1)</sup></small>  The main pronunciations of [[wikt:茶|茶]] in Korea and Japan are [[wikt:차|차]] ''cha'' and [[wikt:ちゃ|ちゃ]] ''cha'', respectively. (Japanese ''ocha'' ([[wikt:おちゃ|おちゃ]]) is [[Honorific speech in Japanese|honorific]].) These are connected with the pronunciations at the capitals of the [[Song Dynasty|Song]] and [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] dynasties.
+
* <small><sup>(1)</sup></small>  The main pronunciations of [[wikt:茶|茶]] in Korea and Japan are [[wikt:차|차]] ''cha'' and [[wikt:ちゃ|ちゃ]] ''cha'', respectively. (Japanese ''ocha'' ([[wikt:おちゃ|おちゃ]]) is honorific.) These are connected with the pronunciations at the capitals of the Song and Ming dynasties.
 
* <small><sup>(2)</sup></small> ''Trà'' and ''chè'' are variant pronunciations of 茶; the latter is used mainly in northern Vietnam and describes a tea made with freshly picked leaves.
 
* <small><sup>(2)</sup></small> ''Trà'' and ''chè'' are variant pronunciations of 茶; the latter is used mainly in northern Vietnam and describes a tea made with freshly picked leaves.
 +
 
===Derivatives of ''chay''===
 
===Derivatives of ''chay''===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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! style="width:85px;"|Name
 
! style="width:85px;"|Name
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Chechen language|Chechen]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Chechen
 
|''чай''
 
|''чай''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Albanian language|Albanian (Tosk)]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Albanian
 
|''çaj''
 
|''çaj''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Amharic language|Amharic]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Amharic
 
|ሻይ ''shai''
 
|ሻይ ''shai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Arabic
 
|شاي ''shāy''
 
|شاي ''shāy''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language|Aramaic]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Aramaic
 
|ܟ݈ܐܝ ''chai''
 
|ܟ݈ܐܝ ''chai''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Eastern Armenian|Armenian (Eastern Dialect)]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Armenian (Eastern Dialect)
 
|չայ ''chāi''
 
|չայ ''chāi''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Azerbaijani
 
|''çay''
 
|''çay''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Bosnian
 
|''čaj''
 
|''čaj''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Bulgarian
 
|чай ''chai''
 
|чай ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Croatian language|Croatian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Croatian
 
|''čaj''
 
|''čaj''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Czech language|Czech]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Czech
 
|''čaj'' <sub>(2)</sub>
 
|''čaj'' <sub>(2)</sub>
 
| style="background:#eee;"| English
 
| style="background:#eee;"| English
 
|''chai''
 
|''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Finnish language|Finnish dialectal]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Finnish dialectal
 
|''tsai'', ''tsaiju'', ''saiju'' or ''saikka''
 
|''tsai'', ''tsaiju'', ''saiju'' or ''saikka''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Georgian language|Georgian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Georgian
 
|ჩაი ''chai''
 
|ჩაი ''chai''
 
| style="background:#eee;"| Greek
 
| style="background:#eee;"| Greek
 
|τσάι ''tsái''
 
|τσάι ''tsái''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Hindi]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Hindi
 
|चाय ''chāy''
 
|चाय ''chāy''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Kazakh
 
|шай ''shai''
 
|шай ''shai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Kyrgyz
 
|чай ''chai''
 
|чай ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Kinyarwanda]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Kinyarwanda
 
|''icyayi''
 
|''icyayi''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Judeo-Spanish language|Ladino]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Ladino
 
|צ'יי ''chai''
 
|צ'יי ''chai''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Macedonian
 
|''чај''
 
|''чај''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Malayalam]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Malayalam
 
|ചായ ''chaaya''
 
|ചായ ''chaaya''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Mongolian
 
|цай ''tsai''
 
|цай ''tsai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Nepali
 
|''chiyā'' चिया
 
|''chiyā'' चिया
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Pashto language|Pashto]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Pashto
 
|چای ''chay''
 
|چای ''chay''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Persian language|Persian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Persian
 
|چای ''chāī'' <small><sub>(1)</sub></small>
 
|چای ''chāī'' <small><sub>(1)</sub></small>
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Romanian
 
|''ceai''
 
|''ceai''
 
| style="background:#eee;"| Russian
 
| style="background:#eee;"| Russian
 
|чай ''chai''
 
|чай ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Serbian language|Serbian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Serbian
 
|чај ''čaj''
 
|чај ''čaj''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Slovak
 
|''čaj''
 
|''čaj''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Slovene
 
|''čaj''
 
|''čaj''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Swahili
 
|''chai''
 
|''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Tajik language|Tajik]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Tajik
 
|чой ''choy''
 
|чой ''choy''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Tatar language|Tatar]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Tatar
 
|''çäy''
 
|''çäy''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Tlingit
 
|''cháayu''
 
|''cháayu''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Telugu
 
|''Tenneru''
 
|''Tenneru''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Turkish
 
|''çay''
 
|''çay''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Turkmen
 
|''çay''
 
|''çay''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Ukrainian
 
|чай ''chai''
 
|чай ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Urdu
 
|چائے ''chai''
 
|چائے ''chai''
 
|-
 
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]
+
| style="background:#eee;"| Uzbek
 
|''choy''
 
|''choy''
 
|}
 
|}
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==Economics==
 
==Economics==
 
[[Image:Tea factory, Pinglin.jpg|thumb|Tea factory in Taiwan]]
 
[[Image:Tea factory, Pinglin.jpg|thumb|Tea factory in Taiwan]]
{{See also|List of countries by tea consumption per capita}}
+
 
 
Tea is the most popular manufactured drink in the world in terms of consumption. Its consumption equals all other manufactured drinks in the world – including coffee, chocolate, soft drinks, and alcohol&nbsp;– put together. Most tea consumed outside East Asia is produced on large plantations in the hilly regions of India and Sri Lanka, and is destined to be sold to large businesses. Opposite this large-scale industrial production are many small "gardens," sometimes minuscule plantations, that produce highly sought-after teas prized by gourmets. These teas are both rare and expensive, and can be compared to some of the most expensive wines in this respect.
 
Tea is the most popular manufactured drink in the world in terms of consumption. Its consumption equals all other manufactured drinks in the world – including coffee, chocolate, soft drinks, and alcohol&nbsp;– put together. Most tea consumed outside East Asia is produced on large plantations in the hilly regions of India and Sri Lanka, and is destined to be sold to large businesses. Opposite this large-scale industrial production are many small "gardens," sometimes minuscule plantations, that produce highly sought-after teas prized by gourmets. These teas are both rare and expensive, and can be compared to some of the most expensive wines in this respect.
   −
India is the world's largest tea-drinking nation, although the per capita consumption of tea remains a modest 750&nbsp;grams per person every year. [[Turkey]], with 2.5&nbsp;kg of tea consumed per person per year, is the world's greatest per capita consumer.
+
India is the world's largest tea-drinking nation, although the per capita consumption of tea remains a modest 750&nbsp;grams per person every year. Turkey, with 2.5&nbsp;kg of tea consumed per person per year, is the world's greatest per capita consumer.
    
===Production===
 
===Production===
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!Country !!2008!!2009!!2010
 
!Country !!2008!!2009!!2010
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|China}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:1274984}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:1375780}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:1467467}}
+
| China||align="right"|{{formatnum:1274984}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:1375780}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:1467467}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|India}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:987000}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:972700}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:991180}}
+
| India||align="right"|{{formatnum:987000}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:972700}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:991180}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Kenya}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:345800}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:314100}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:399000}}
+
| Kenya||align="right"|{{formatnum:345800}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:314100}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:399000}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:318700}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:290000}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:282300}}
+
| Sri Lanka||align="right"|{{formatnum:318700}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:290000}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:282300}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Turkey}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:198046}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:198601}}||align="right"|{{formatnum: 235000}}
+
| Turkey||align="right"|{{formatnum:198046}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:198601}}||align="right"|{{formatnum: 235000}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Vietnam}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:173500}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:185700}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:198466}}
+
| Vietnam||align="right"|{{formatnum:173500}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:185700}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:198466}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Iran}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:165717}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:165717}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:165717}}
+
| Iran||align="right"|{{formatnum:165717}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:165717}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:165717}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Indonesia}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:150851}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:146440}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:150000}}
+
| Indonesia||align="right"|{{formatnum:150851}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:146440}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:150000}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Argentina}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:80142}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:71715}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:88574}}
+
| Argentina||align="right"|{{formatnum:80142}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:71715}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:88574}}
 
|-
 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Japan}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:96500}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:86000}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:85000}}
+
| Japan||align="right"|{{formatnum:96500}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:86000}}||align="right"|{{formatnum:85000}}
 
|- class="sortbottom"
 
|- class="sortbottom"
 
!Total!!{{formatnum:4211397}}!!{{formatnum:4242280}}!!{{formatnum:4518060}}
 
!Total!!{{formatnum:4211397}}!!{{formatnum:4242280}}!!{{formatnum:4518060}}
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[[Category:Tea]]
 
[[Category:Tea]]
 +
 +
[[de:Tee]]
 +
[[es:Té]]
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