2,087
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 75:
Line 75: − + − + Line 310:
Line 310: − + Line 327:
Line 327: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − +
→The word "tea"
The Chinese character for tea is [[wikt:茶|茶]]. It is pronounced differently in the various Chinese dialects. Most pronounce it along the lines of ''cha'' (Mandarin has ''chá''), but the Min varieties along the central coast of China and in Southeast Asia pronounce it like ''te''. These two pronunciations of the Chinese word for tea have made their separate ways into other languages around the world:
The Chinese character for tea is [[wikt:茶|茶]]. It is pronounced differently in the various Chinese dialects. Most pronounce it along the lines of ''cha'' (Mandarin has ''chá''), but the Min varieties along the central coast of China and in Southeast Asia pronounce it like ''te''. These two pronunciations of the Chinese word for tea have made their separate ways into other languages around the world:
*'''Te''' is from ''tê'' in the [[Amoy dialect]], spoken in Fujian Province and Taiwan. It reached the West from the port of Xiamen (Amoy), once a major point of contact with Western European traders such as the Dutch, who spread it to Western Europe.
*'''Te''' is from ''tê'' in the Amoy dialect, spoken in Fujian Province and Taiwan. It reached the West from the port of Xiamen (Amoy), once a major point of contact with Western European traders such as the Dutch, who spread it to Western Europe.
*'''Cha''' is from the [[Cantonese]] ''chàh'', spoken in [[Guangzhou]] (Canton) and the ports of Hong Kong and [[Macau]], also major points of contact, especially with the Portuguese, who spread it to India in the 16th century. The Korean and Japanese words ''cha'' come from the Mandarin ''chá''.
*'''Cha''' is from the Cantonese ''chàh'', spoken in Guangzhou (Canton) and the ports of Hong Kong and Macau, also major points of contact, especially with the Portuguese, who spread it to India in the 16th century. The Korean and Japanese words ''cha'' come from the Mandarin ''chá''.
The widespread form '''''chai''''' comes from Persian چای ''chay''. This derives from Mandarin ''chá'', which passed by the silk road to Central Asia and Persia, where it picked up the Persian grammatical suffix ''-yi'' before passing on to Russian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, etc.
The widespread form '''''chai''''' comes from Persian چای ''chay''. This derives from Mandarin ''chá'', which passed by the silk road to Central Asia and Persia, where it picked up the Persian grammatical suffix ''-yi'' before passing on to Russian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, etc.
|}
|}
<small>Notes: </small>
<small>Notes: </small>
* <small><sup>(1)</sup></small> The main pronunciations of [[wikt:茶|茶]] in Korea and Japan are [[wikt:차|차]] ''cha'' and [[wikt:ちゃ|ちゃ]] ''cha'', respectively. (Japanese ''ocha'' ([[wikt:おちゃ|おちゃ]]) is [[Honorific speech in Japanese|honorific]].) These are connected with the pronunciations at the capitals of the [[Song Dynasty|Song]] and [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] dynasties.
* <small><sup>(1)</sup></small> The main pronunciations of [[wikt:茶|茶]] in Korea and Japan are [[wikt:차|차]] ''cha'' and [[wikt:ちゃ|ちゃ]] ''cha'', respectively. (Japanese ''ocha'' ([[wikt:おちゃ|おちゃ]]) is honorific.) These are connected with the pronunciations at the capitals of the Song and Ming dynasties.
* <small><sup>(2)</sup></small> ''Trà'' and ''chè'' are variant pronunciations of 茶; the latter is used mainly in northern Vietnam and describes a tea made with freshly picked leaves.
* <small><sup>(2)</sup></small> ''Trà'' and ''chè'' are variant pronunciations of 茶; the latter is used mainly in northern Vietnam and describes a tea made with freshly picked leaves.
! style="width:85px;"|Name
! style="width:85px;"|Name
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Chechen language|Chechen]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Chechen
|''чай''
|''чай''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Albanian language|Albanian (Tosk)]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Albanian
|''çaj''
|''çaj''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Amharic language|Amharic]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Amharic
|ሻይ ''shai''
|ሻይ ''shai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Arabic
|شاي ''shāy''
|شاي ''shāy''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language|Aramaic]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Aramaic
|ܟ݈ܐܝ ''chai''
|ܟ݈ܐܝ ''chai''
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Eastern Armenian|Armenian (Eastern Dialect)]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Armenian (Eastern Dialect)
|չայ ''chāi''
|չայ ''chāi''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Azerbaijani
|''çay''
|''çay''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Bosnian
|''čaj''
|''čaj''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Bulgarian
|чай ''chai''
|чай ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Croatian language|Croatian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Croatian
|''čaj''
|''čaj''
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Czech language|Czech]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Czech
|''čaj'' <sub>(2)</sub>
|''čaj'' <sub>(2)</sub>
| style="background:#eee;"| English
| style="background:#eee;"| English
|''chai''
|''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Finnish language|Finnish dialectal]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Finnish dialectal
|''tsai'', ''tsaiju'', ''saiju'' or ''saikka''
|''tsai'', ''tsaiju'', ''saiju'' or ''saikka''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Georgian language|Georgian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Georgian
|ჩაი ''chai''
|ჩაი ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| Greek
| style="background:#eee;"| Greek
|τσάι ''tsái''
|τσάι ''tsái''
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Hindi]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Hindi
|चाय ''chāy''
|चाय ''chāy''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Kazakh
|шай ''shai''
|шай ''shai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Kyrgyz
|чай ''chai''
|чай ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Kinyarwanda]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Kinyarwanda
|''icyayi''
|''icyayi''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Judeo-Spanish language|Ladino]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Ladino
|צ'יי ''chai''
|צ'יי ''chai''
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Macedonian
|''чај''
|''чај''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Malayalam]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Malayalam
|ചായ ''chaaya''
|ചായ ''chaaya''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Mongolian
|цай ''tsai''
|цай ''tsai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Nepali
|''chiyā'' चिया
|''chiyā'' चिया
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Pashto language|Pashto]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Pashto
|چای ''chay''
|چای ''chay''
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Persian language|Persian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Persian
|چای ''chāī'' <small><sub>(1)</sub></small>
|چای ''chāī'' <small><sub>(1)</sub></small>
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Romanian
|''ceai''
|''ceai''
| style="background:#eee;"| Russian
| style="background:#eee;"| Russian
|чай ''chai''
|чай ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Serbian language|Serbian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Serbian
|чај ''čaj''
|чај ''čaj''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Slovak
|''čaj''
|''čaj''
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Slovene
|''čaj''
|''čaj''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Swahili
|''chai''
|''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Tajik language|Tajik]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Tajik
|чой ''choy''
|чой ''choy''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Tatar language|Tatar]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Tatar
|''çäy''
|''çäy''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Tlingit
|''cháayu''
|''cháayu''
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Telugu
|''Tenneru''
|''Tenneru''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Turkish
|''çay''
|''çay''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Turkmen
|''çay''
|''çay''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Ukrainian
|чай ''chai''
|чай ''chai''
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Urdu
|چائے ''chai''
|چائے ''chai''
|-
|-
| style="background:#eee;"| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]
| style="background:#eee;"| Uzbek
|''choy''
|''choy''
|}
|}